L02 - distribution in the online age terms

•  Download - copying data from one computer system to another usually via the internet (film, music, video, documents....) however this can take up a lot of storage.

• Stream - transmit or receive audio/video data over the internet at a constant flow.

• Simulcast - the same programme (TV/Audio) being played at the same time. (simultaneous broadcasting) 

• VOD - (video on demand) video content (movies, TV....) sent to a person directly and immediately. (platform you can stream content from without downloading it) 

• Time shifting - recording a TV programme for later viewing.

• Debate - 'fragmented audiences' (Livingstone 2002) - a mass audience becoming more diverse in the content that they watch over time.

• TV - traditionally to watch TV you needed a tv licence unlike nowadays where you can watch it on any platform like ITV or BBC...

• Film - Before modern technology to watch movies you would have to visit the cinema or play them through a tape and VHS compare to nowadays where you can play it on media platforms such as Netflix.

• Video games - video games used to be played on big consoles which required a large amount of wires and other things unlike today where you can simply just play them on your phone or a console.

• Magazines/newspapers - traditionally newspapers had to be bought at a newsagents for a physical copy. however now you can just view it via the internet

• Radio - traditionally radio had to be listened to on a radio that wasn't very portable due to the size and weight however now they are built into are cars and we can listen anywhere

• Music - music used to have to be played via cassette tapes and to change song you would have to manually change the tape unlike nowadays where we can listen anywhere via our phones.

Technological convergence has impacted all of the above as when things where initially invented they all required a bit of manual effort to use and were not the most robust, however due to technological convergence devices have become very compact, portable, and robust. This change in technology makes all of the media much more accessible meaning it reaches a wider demographic compare to the traditional media as it was generally more expensive due to having to buy multiple pieces of hardware and meaning there is a higher power consumption, not to mention the small storage, large amount of wires, and maintenance issues.

An advantage of technological convergence is that is allows multiple tasks to be performed on a single device and makes it possible to save energy. Being able to multi task on a single device also means performance and productivity increases meaning you can be very optimal in work places etc.

A few companies or conglomerates that have benefited from technological convergence are ITV, Disney, BBC, and many more this means that for example if you wanted to watch a movie all you would have to do is open Netflix on your Phone, TV, game Console, Phone and watch immediately.

task

 

L01 - Institutions and ownership

 

L02 - Traditional and virtual advertising

Traditional Methods

• Bilboards
• Radio
• Poster
• Newspaper
• TV adverts
• Cinema (Films)

All these methods are still used today.

mainly used by conglomerates because they have enough money to promote on multiple platforms.

This is a very good way to promote to a mass audience as you are making the advertisements accessible to everyone.

Digital Methods

(can reach a larger audience)

• Websites
• Social media platforms
• Streaming platforms (YT, twitch)

This is cheaper that traditional methods as it is a lot quicker and easier to do.

Technological convergence = Technology coming together (Web 2.0)

Web 2.0 consists of - advertise, apps, communicate, film/TV/radio content, video games

Devices are now multifunctional (internet, games, music...)

Blackbox devices (consoles, phones, Smart TV's)

Digital Natives = A population who grew up with technological advancements. (18-)

Digital immigrants = A population who lived before technologic advancements and had to adapt.(40+)

"We now live in a convergence culture" - 'Henry Jenkins 2006'

Above the line

(mass media/audience)

• billboard adverts
• social media adverts
• cinema adverts

(can include traditional and digital)

Below the line

(personalised niche audience)

• niche newspaper advertisements
• pop up adverts
• personalised adverts

UNIT 1 EXAM DETAILS

 Understand how media institutions operate and how their product are distributed to and used by audiences.this is in order to give you an overview of the digital media industry as a whole.

examination; 23rd JANUARY 2023

examination is: 2 HOURS LONG

examination is out of: 80 MARKS

you are graded: PASS, MERIT, DISTINCTION

PASS -E

MERIT-C

DISTINCTION-A

L05 - Be able to evaluate research data used by media institutions

Secondary:

secondary research is methods using info that has already been released. for example, using the internet to find information. (Books, journals, surveys)

Internet research:

search engines are used to gather data, personal opinions, news articles and academic research on a particular topic.

Books and journals:

textbooks and digitals editions of these provide a way of gaining information.

magazine and newspaper:

articles have been written by professional journalists who have used primary research methods to create data for a topic.

television:

 documentaries, news and factual advice programmes can provide large amounts of information needed for research.

SWOT

Strength

Weaknesses

Opportunities

Threats

Magazines and newspapers - written by professionals who know a lot about certain subjects 

why do we need audience research?

• Marketing Possibilities - In the industry the most successful products will often have spin offs and sequels. However, this is based on audience feedback.

• Trends For Product Development - It is important for media companies to interpret data that is presented to them about the way audiences consume products in order to make decisions about a product.

technological convergence - previously unrelated technologies together, often in a single device. Smartphones might be the best possible example of such a convergence.

Quantitative and Qualitative:

Quantitative - numbers (numerical data that can be used for things like radio listeners)

Qualitative - words (typically descriptive data useful for studies)

Examples:

Quantitative data from BARB - BBC reaches 53,222,000 monthly people or 84% of people

Qualitative data from BARB - January: The Prime Minister’s announcement of a new national lockdown on January 4th is watched by 14.3 million people on BBC1, followed by 11.1 million tuning in for the subsequent BBC news special

Quantitative data from RAJAR - All radio reaches 55,964,000 people or 89% of people

Qualitative data from RAJAR - 

Quantitative data from PAMCO - 

Qualitative data from PAMCO - 

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