L01: OWNERSHIP AND INTEGRATION

 CONGLOMERATE is made up of different SUBSIDIARIES:

 Disney - Film, Theme Park, TV, Animation, Marvel.

a subsidiary can also be a conglomerate for example marvel is a subsidiary within Disney as they own it however marvel is still a conglomerate.

• one advantage of being a conglomerate is that you have multiple different revenue streams.
• another one is that it establishes your brand name.
•  it is much easier and cheaper to distribute your products as you have multiple subsidiaries producing and distributing your product etc.
• finally targeting a mass audience is much easier due to the number of subsidiaries.

CROSS MEDIA OWNERSHIP is one company owning two different media companies.

VERTICAL INTIGRATION is a conglomerate that has the ability to: produce (make), distribute (make available to buy), exchange (audience pays to access) BY THEMSELVES. (they can do this themselves due to having subsidiaries)

ProduceDistributeExchange = VALUE CHAIN - distribution is the most expensive due to the cost of packaging and shipping etc.

HORIZONTAL INTIGRATION is not possible without vertical integration as it takes place during the distribution phase of vertical integration. It is having the ability to distribute a product on multiple platforms that they OWN.

Horizontal Integration results in SYNERGY which means cross promotion.

INDEPENDENT - Working on your own without outside help. This is the complete opposite to how a conglomerate as they don't have subsidiaries 

• A disadvantage of being an independent company is that it is more expensive. (especially distribution)
• another disadvantage is that most independent companies can only PRODUCE by themselves meaning they struggle to distribute. This means bigger companies (conglomerates) have to help.
• They don't have any subsidiaries meaning they have less platforms to distribute from resulting in less profit and less customers.
• They don't own different platforms unlike a conglomerate

JOINT VENTURE - joining up with a conglomerate (warp films does this with channel 4)

channel 4 also have their own subsidiaries like film 4 which has created its own content.

AUDIENCE DIFFERENCES - conglomerate vs independent

• Independent company has a very niche audience (small specific audience)
• A conglomerate has mass audience and targets a wider range of people (large audience)
• A conglomerate has a higher production value meaning their content is usually better than that of an independent company. this is because they have a big budget and can produce big block busters.

SOCIAL REALISM - realism about things and problems that happen in society. This is only usually done by smaller independent companies.

PUBLIC SERVICE BROADCASTER - is a company which distributes TV and radio to a mass audience (available & targets everyone)

REMIT - licence/responsibility

A public service broadcaster has a remit to make sure they inform educate and entertain their audience.

• produces and distributes different types of media just like a conglomerate.
• BBC - TV - RADIO - MAGAZINE
• Like a conglomerate the BBC has cross media ownership and vertical/horizontal integration
• making them extremely similar to a conglomerate.

PRODUCTION PROCESS:

• Pre-production - The planning & preparing you do to plan the product as well as you can before beginning the real production

• Production - taking what you planned into action and producing your product to the best of your ability.

• Post production - assessing your product and seeing what is good and looking for anything you could improve or change and then eventually distributing. (editing & finalising)

film pre production jobs - scripting, creative planning, legal and budgets, story boards, casting director.

film production jobs - director (actors cameras), script supervisor, producer, special affects supervisor, stunt coordinator,  actors.

film post production jobs - editor, visual effects artist.

radio pre production jobs - script writer, producer.

radio production jobs - sound effects/management, host/presenter

radio post production - jingles/sound effects, editor.

newspaper pre production - photographer, graphic designer, reporter

newspaper production - columnist.

newspaper post production - editor.